I know this is a broad subject I just wanted to focus on one aspect: The shulchan aruch (YD 179:19) writes that it is prohibited to study and be taught from a magushi. On what basis do orthodox highschools, even some chardei ones, have non jewish teachers for secular subjects? Is this not a violation of the aformentioned prohibition?
Answer:
An Amgushi refers to a sorcerer of sorts. The commentaries on the Shulchan Aruch (see Bach, Shach, and others) discuss whether he is specifically a Min (a heretic) or not.
Either way, this halachah will not apply to a run-of-the-mill (non-sorcerer) secular studies teacher.
This is of course the common custom, and provides us with fond memories of the enjoyable or otherwise secular studies lessons we had as young boys.
Best wishes.
